8 Imibuzo Ethuthukisiwe Yezobuchwepheshe Mayelana Nomklamo Wesakhiwo Sensimbi kanye Nokuhlaziywa Kokwehluleka

Kuvolumu yangaphambilini, sichaze imiqondo eyisikhombisa eyisisekelo ehlanganisa isilinganiso sobuncane, umphumela we-diaphragm, i-shear lag kanye nomkhawulo wokuphambuka, sigxile ezihlokweni eziyisisekelo ezifana nokuzinza kwamalungu, ukudluliswa komthwalo kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye.

Njengomqulu wesibili walo chwephesheisakhiwo sensimbiUchungechunge lwe-Q&A, lesi sihloko siqhubeka nokuqukethwe kwangaphambilini futhi sijula ​​ezihlokweni ezikhethekile ezihlanganisa izindlela zokuklama, izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezindlela zokwehluleka, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwepulasitiki, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-post-buckling, ukuhlaziywa kwe-oda lesibili, umphumela we-Bauschinger kanye nokuphuka kwe-brittle.

Q1. Uyini umgomo oyisisekelo wendlela yokuklama ipulasitiki?

Indlela yokuklama ipulasitiki isebenza ezakhiweni zensimbi ezingenasici. Lapho ingcindezi ezindaweni eziqokwe ngaphambili zamalungu esakhiwo ifinyelela amandla okukhiqiza ensimbi, amahinge epulasitiki azokwakhiwa, okuzokwenza kube lula ukwabiwa kwamandla angaphakathi kuso sonke isakhiwo. Ukulawula okuqinile kufanele kusetshenziswe phakathi nokubala ukugwema ukwakheka kwendlela eguquguqukayo noma ukuwohloka kwesakhiwo okweqile.

Q2. Umehluko Osebenzayo phakathi kwezikaki zezikaki zasekhona kanye nezikaki ezidiagonal

Izisekelo zamakhona zisebenza njengezisekelo ezingaphandle kwendiza ukuze kuvikelwe ukuzinza komhlaba wonke kwemishayo yensimbi; i-diagonal braces yamukelwa ukulawula ukuwohloka okuphelele kwe-lateral kwesakhiwo.

Q3. Incazelo Yendiza Yokuqina Okukhulu

Indiza lapho i-cross-section izungeza khona mayelana ne-eksisi yayo enkulu ichazwa njengendiza yokuqina okukhulu. Izingxenye eziningi zensimbi zinama-eksisi ayinhloko amabili amaphakathi: i-eksisi enkulu enesikhathi esikhudlwana se-inertia kanye ne-eksisi encane enesikhathi esincane sokungaguquki.

Q4. Umqondo Wamandla E-post-Buckling

Uma ukunqwabelana kwendawo kwenzeka kuwebhu yelungu eliguquguqukayo, ingxenye ngeke ilahlekelwe yiwo wonke amandla ayo okuthwala umthwalo ngokushesha, futhi ukusebenza okuthile okusalelayo okusengagcinwa. Ithiyori yokuklama exhaphaza ngokugcwele futhi esebenzise amandla anjalo ayizinsalela yaziwa ngokuthi indlela yokuklama esekelwe emandleni ewebhu angemuva kwe-buckling.

Q5. Incazelo Yesikhashana Soku-oda Kwesibili kanye Nokuhlaziywa Kwe-Elastoplastic Ye-Oda Yesibili

Ukuhlaziywa komugqa okuvamile kuziba isikhathi esengeziwe sokugoba esibangelwa ukuwohloka kwesakhiwo. Ngokuphambene, ukuhlaziywa kwe-oda lesibili (ukuhlaziywa kwe-geometric nonlinear) kucabangela umzuzu wokugoba owengeziwe owenziwe ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo ngaphansi kwemithwalo, lapho ubudlelwano phakathi komthwalo nokuguqulwa buveza izici ezingezona umugqa. Ngalesi sisekelo, ukuhlaziywa kwe-elastoplastic ye-oda lesibili kuhlanganisa futhi ukuziphatha kwe-elastoplastic engaqondile kwensimbi ngemva kokuvuthwa ukubala kwesakhiwo somhlaba.

Q6. Uyini umphumela we-Bauschinger?

Ngemuva kokuthi insimbi ifakwe ngaphansi komthwalo oqinile ukuze ikhiqize ukuguquguquka kwepulasitiki bese yehliswa, amandla ayo okukhiqiza ayancipha ngaphansi kokulayisha okubuyela emuva, futhi ukuguqulwa okungapheli kwepulasitiki okungenakulungiseka kusala ngemva kokulayishwa. Le mpahla ibizwa nge-Bauschinger effect.

Q7. I-Formation Mechanism of Lamellar Tearing

Ukucindezeleka okuyinsalela kuvela ekupholiseni kokupholisa kwe-weld seams ngemva kokushisela. Amapuleti ensimbi azacile noma angavinjelwe anganwebeka futhi enze isivumelwano ngokukhululekile ukuze akhulule ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, amapuleti awugqinsi noma amaphaneli aqinisiwe avinjwa izingxenye eziseduze futhi awakwazi ukushwabana ngokukhululeka, akhiqize ukucindezeleka okukhulu okuhambisana nendawo yepuleti. Ukucindezeleka kwendawo ezindaweni ezivinjelwe kakhulu kungase kube izikhathi eziningana amandla okukhiqiza ensimbi, ekugcineni kubangele ukuthi ipuleti lidabuke eduze kokuqina kwalo, okuchazwa njengokudabula kwe-lamellar.

Q8. Iluphi uhlobo lwemodi yokwehluleka okuyi-Brittle Fracture?

I-Brittle fracture ibhekisela ekuhlulekeni kwesakhiwo kungazelelwe ngaphandle kwezandulela ezisobala. Ingcindezi yangempela esesigabeni esiphambanayo ekuqhekekeni iphansi kakhulu kunamandla esivuno namandla ensimbi aqinile. Le modi yokwehluleka isuka ekusakazweni okuqhubekayo kweziphambeko ezincane zangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwensimbi kanye nokunwetshwa okusheshayo okungazinzile kwemifantu. Uma imifantu ifinyelela usayizi obalulekile, izokhula ngesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwesexwayiso sokuwohloka kwepulasitiki ngaphambi kokwehluleka, okuholela ezingozini ezinkulu kakhulu.

Amazwi Okuvala

Ukubuyekeza le miqulu emibili: umthamo wokuqala ugxile ekuzinzeni kwamalungu, kanti owesibili ugxile ezindleleni zokuklama kanye nezindlela zokwehluleka. Zihlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​​​zihlanganisa izinto ezibalulekile ezikukhathazayoisakhiwo sensimbiubunjiniyela: indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwamalungu, ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukubala kwesakhiwo, nokuthi izinto ezisetshenziswayo zihluleka kanjani. Lezi zici ezintathu ezihlobene zakha uhlaka lolwazi oluyinhloko lomklamo wesakhiwo sensimbi.

Kwethenjwa ukuthi le miqulu emibili ingasiza abafundi ukuthi basungule uhlelo lomqondo olucacile, olubavumela ukuthi bakhombe ngokunembile uhlobo lwezinkinga zobunjiniyela futhi banqume ngokushesha izindlela ezihambisanayo zokuhlaziya lapho behlangabezana nezinkinga ezisebenzayo. Abafundi bamukelekile ukuthi baxhumane futhi baxoxe ngamanye amasu obuchwepheshe adidayo abahlangabezana nawo emsebenzini wansuku zonke.