Amanani Anconyiwe We-Slope Sophahla Ozimele Bephothali kanye Nezakhiwo Zophahla Lwensimbi Ekhanyayo

Umthamo wophahla kufanele uthathwe njengo-1/8 kuya ku-1/20 (cishe u-5% ukuya ku-12.5%, noma u-1:8 ukuya ku-1:20), futhi inani le-slope elikhuphukayo kufanele likhethwe ezifundeni ezinemvula enkulu. Umthambeko we-flange engenhla ye-eve overhang kufanele ifane nomthambeka womugqa wophahla (ugongolo oluthambekile). Ozimele bephothali nezakhiwo zensimbi ezilula, ukuthambeka kophahla okuvame ukusetshenziswa kusuka ku-1/8 kuya ku-1/20. 

Izici ezinconyiwe okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa amanani: 

1. Ukuchezuka kwesakhiwo kwamalungu ophahla (amapulangwe nama-purlins) kuthinta izindlela zokudonsa amanzi ophahleni. (Isigaba somthetho 3.3.3: Ushintsho lwethambeka lophahla olubangelwa ukugudluka okuvundlile kwekholomu phezulu kanye nokuchezuka kwelungu akumele kudlule u-1/3 yenani le-slope lomklamo.)

2. Izinto zokufulela: Amajoyinti phakathi kwamashidi ensimbi anephrofayili enamekwe ngombala angamaphuzu ayinhloko engozi yokuvuza, okuhlanganisa ukungena kwe-fastener (isikulufu) kanye nemininingwane ekhanyayo. Kumaphaneli eziqeshana ezifihliwe kanye namaphaneli omthungo omile (athungelwe ngomshini), ukuvuza akuvamile ukuba kube yinkinga inqobo nje uma ukufakwa endaweni kwenziwa kahle. Kodwa-ke, kumaphaneli okugoqa phansi alungiswe ngokuqondile ngezikulufu ezizithephayo, ukuvuza kwamanzi kusengenzeka ngenxa yokwanda okushisayo nokufinyela kwamaphaneli ensimbi, ngisho noma ukwakhiwa kwesayithi kucophelela futhi kufakwe ama-sealant angangeni amanzi ngendlela efanele.

3. Ijiyomethri yensimbi elula kanye nokuvimbela amachibi ophahleni, okuhlanganisa nemithambeka eguquguqukayo nelongitudinal gutter. I-GB 50207-2012 Ikhodi Yokwemukelwa Kwekhwalithi Yokwakhiwa Kobunjiniyela Bophahla, Isigaba somthetho 4.1.3: Indawo eyehlelayo eyilongitudinal yama-eves gutter kanye nesigodi/amagutha angaphakathi akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-1%, futhi ukwehla ku-gutter bed ngeke kudlule ku-200 mm.

4. Izici zemvelo njengemvula, iqhwa, neqhwa: Izivunguvungu ezinamandla, iziphepho ezinamandla, ukunqwabelana kweqhwa, nokwakheka kweqhwa.

5. Ukusebenza nokugcinwa (O&M): Ukwengeza imithwalo ngokungafanele ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo kulimaza amaphaneli ophahla. Ngokufanayo, ukulengisa imithwalo ngaphandle kwesizathu ku-purlins ophahleni kubangela ukuchezuka kwe-purlin, okuholela emanzini asendaweni echibini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-sealant angangeni manzi kanye namatheyipu e-mastic ayaguga futhi alulaze ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

6. Ezomnotho zesikhathi sohlaka kanye nokuqina kwesakhiwo: Kuzimele wephothali ye-span single, ukukhulisa umthambeka wophahla kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa isisindo sohlaka—umqansa ophakeme unciphisa izikhathi zokugoba futhi wonga insimbi. Kumafreyimu anama-span amaningi, umqansa unyusa ukuphakama kwamakholomu angaphakathi. Lapho ubude besakhiwo sikhulu, ukwandisa umthambeko kunciphisa ngokuphumelelayo ukuphambuka okuqondile kwemishayo yensimbi yophahla (ama-rafters). 

Amanani Emithambeka Anconyiwe:

Izimboni ezijwayelekile zezimboni: Umthambeka ongu-1/10 kuye ku-1/15 uhla oluthembeke kakhulu futhi oluzinzile.

Imithambeka emide emide noma amagatha anwetshiwe: Kunconywa ukuthambekela okungengaphansi kuka-1/10.

Amabhilidi abanzi: Indawo eyehlelayo engu-1/20 kuya ku-1/15 ingase yamukelwe, kuqashelwe kakhulu ubude bekholomu yangaphakathi kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi esigodini.

Izakhiwo ezine-span enkulu ye-span eyodwa: Kungase kwamukelwe indawo eyehlelayo engu-1/10 kuya ku-1/8, kodwa kufanele kuhlolwe okuningiliziwe mayelana nemithwalo yomoya, ama-flange braces (ukuhlala kwamakhona), imininingwane ekhanyayo, nokubekezelela ukwakhiwa.

Ikhodi Yezobuchwepheshe Yokusetshenziswa Kwamashidi Ensimbi Anephrofayili ku-Engineering GB 50896-2013, Isigaba somthetho 5.2.3: Umthamo wophahla lwamashidi ensimbi anephrofayili kufanele uhambisane nalezi zinhlinzeko ezilandelayo:

1. Umthamo wophahla lweshidi lensimbi elinephrofayili uzonqunywa ngezibalo zobunjiniyela ngokusekelwe ohlelweni lwesakhiwo, uhlobo lwephrofayela yeshidi, imininingwane yokuxhuma, indlela yokukhipha amanzi, kanye nezimo zezulu zendawo;

2. Umthambeka ophahleni wamashidi ensimbi anephrofayili akufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-5%; lapho amashidi ensimbi ephrofayili eboshelwe ngeziqinisekiso eziveziwe (izikulufu), umthambeka ophahleni akufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-10%;

3. Ezindaweni ezinothuli olonakalisayo, ukuthambekela kophahla akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-10%; ezindaweni ezinamazinga okugqwala aphakathi nendawo noma aqinile, ukuthambekela kophahla akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-8%;

4. Uma kunqunywa ukuthambekela kophahla, ubudlelwano phakathi kobude begagasi lezimbambo lweshidi elinephrofayili namandla alo okukhipha amanzi kuzocatshangelwa; emithambekeni yophahla oluthambile, amapaneli anezimbambo eziphakeme kufanele akhethwe.