Isakhiwo Sensimbi Esindayo: Umgogodla Wezakhiwo Zezimboni

Isakhiwo sensimbi esindayo, igama lemboni elihlukaniswa nesakhiwo sensimbi yesakhiwo esinesisindo esincane, iwuhlobo olwamukelwa kabanzi lokwakhiwa kwensimbi. Ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo eziyingqayizivele, isibe yisinqumo esiyinhloko sezindawo zokusebenzela ezisindayo, izakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu, izinkundla ezinkulu, izimboni zamandla nezinye izakhiwo, futhi ijabulela ukusetshenziswa okubanzi emkhakheni wezimboni.

Kweisakhiwo sensimbiimboni, insimbi esindayo kanye nensimbi elula amagama avame ukusetshenziswa. Kuhlukaniswa ngesakhiwo sesakhiwo, umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kanye nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza, amagama avamile achazwa ngokuyisisekelo izici zokucindezeleka nezimiso zokuklama zezinhlelo zesakhiwo.

Izakhiwo zensimbi esindayo ngokuvamile zibhekisela ezimisweni zesakhiwo ezithwala imithwalo ezakhiwe amapuleti ensimbi aminyene, izinsimbi zesigaba esikhulu noma izingxenye ze-lattice, ezisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukumelana nemithwalo evela kumakhreni asindayo kanye nokudlidliza kwemishini emikhulu, noma ukuzuza izikhala ezinde kakhulu.

Izakhiwo zensimbi esindayo zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuthwala imithwalo evela kumakhreni asindayo kanye nokudlidliza kwemishini emikhulu, noma ukudala izikhala ezinde kakhulu. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zabo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, sebephenduke uhlelo lwesakhiwo olukhethwayo lwezindawo zokusebenzela ezisindayo zezimboni, izinsiza zamandla, ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi neminye imikhakha. Izicelo zabo eziyinhloko zezimboni ziwela ezigabeni ezintathu ezinkulu: ukukhiqizwa kwemishini esindayo, izinsiza zamandla namandla, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwensimbi nempahla eluhlaza.

Izakhiwo zensimbi ezisindayo ziziqhayisa ngamandla amaningi, okuzenza zibe ukukhetha okuhamba phambili emkhakheni wezimboni. Ama-workshops akhiwe ngezakhiwo zensimbi esindayo afakwe izinhlelo ze-crane girder ezikwazi ukusekela ama-cranes angaphezu kwamathani angu-100, ahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zokuphakamisa, ukuhlanganisa kanye nokuthutha imishini emikhulu kanye ne-ultra-heavy.

Izakhiwo zegridi yekholomu kakhonkolo yendabuko zidinga amakholomu amaningi, avimbela ukuphathwa kwempahla kanye nokuhlelwa kwenqubo. Ngokwamukela izinsimbi zophahla lwensimbi ezinde kanye nezakhiwo zegridi, izakhiwo zensimbi ezisindayo zingakha izikhala ezingenakholamu ezifinyelela emakhulwini amamitha, zihlangabezane ngokugcwele nesidingo sesikhala esiqhubekayo embonini yesimanje. Ishabhu yokudweba ye-FAW Jiefang Qingdao Base, ene-span eyodwa engamamitha angama-36, iyisibonelo esijwayelekile sale nzuzo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimbi ifaka i-ductility enhle kanye nobungane bemvelo.Izakhiwo zensimbifuthi ukuzuza izinga eliphezulu lokuthuthuka kwezimboni, okuvumela ukusebenza okufanayo kokwakhiwa kwefekthri nokwakhiwa endaweni. Ngakho-ke, izakhiwo zensimbi ezinzima zinikeza izinzuzo zokwakha okusheshayo, ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-seismic kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo.

Izakhiwo zensimbi esindayo zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuthwala imithwalo evela kumakhreni asindayo kanye nokudlidliza kwemishini emikhulu, noma ukudala izikhala ezinde kakhulu. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zabo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, sebephenduke uhlelo lwesakhiwo olukhethwayo lwezindawo zokusebenzela ezisindayo zezimboni, izinsiza zamandla, ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi neminye imikhakha. Izicelo zabo eziyinhloko zezimboni ziwela ezigabeni ezintathu ezinkulu: ukukhiqizwa kwemishini esindayo, izinsiza zamandla namandla, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwensimbi nempahla eluhlaza.