Funda Ngezingxenye Zensimbi: Ukuhlelwa Nokuhlaziywa Kwesicelo

Izakhiwo zensimbi zihlanganiswa ezingxenyeni zensimbi, ezisebenza njengohlaka oluyisisekelo lwezakhiwo zensimbi. Izingxenye zensimbi zihlukaniswa ngohlobo lwengxenye eyisisekelo, ifomu lesakhiwo kanye nesimo sohlelo lobunjiniyela. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zesakhiwo sensimbi zithinta ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukwakhiwa kanye nokwakhiwa kwensimu yamaphrojekthi.

Ahlukaniswa ngezingxenye eziyisisekelo, amalungu ensimbi ngokuyinhloko ahlanganisa imishayo, amakholomu, izingxenye zamapuleti nezixhumi.

Insimbi yensimbi iyingxenye evundlile ethwala imithwalo yesakhiwo sensimbi, eyenziwe ngensimbi yesigaba noma amapuleti ensimbi, okuhlanganisa i-H-beam, i-I-beam kanye nebhokisi.

Amakholomu ensimbi angamalungu aphethe ukulayisha aqondile. Ahlukaniswe ngamakholomu ewebhu eqinile namakholomu e-lattice.

Izingxenye zepuleti zibhekisela kumapaneli ensimbi phansi, uphahla kanye nendawo ebiyelwe, okwenza uhlelo lwemvilophu yokwakha. Amashidi ensimbi afakwe umbala kanye namashidi ensimbi anephrofayili avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvalela, ukuvimbela amanzi kanye nokuthwala umthwalo.

Izixhumi zijoyina imishayo yensimbi, amakholomu namapuleti ngamabholithi, amashisela noma ama-rivets ukuze kuvikelwe ukuzinza nokuphepha kwaso sonke isakhiwo.

Ihlukaniswa ngokwesakhiwo, izakhiwo zensimbi ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa uhlaka lwephothali, uhlaka lwensimbi, insimbi yensimbi, i-cable-membrane kanye nezakhiwo zamagobolondo ensimbi.

Isakhiwo sefreyimu yephothali: iqinile ngokuvundlile enamakholomu nemishayo, ifanele izakhiwo zefekthri kanye nezakhiwo ezinde.

Isakhiwo sefreyimu yensimbi: ehlanganisa uhlaka olungenalutho, uhlaka olugxiliwe, uhlaka oluboshwe nge-eccentrically kanye neshubhu elinefreyimu (uhlaka lwekholomu olunezikhala eziseduze), lusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kumaworkshop anezitezi eziningi, izakhiwo zamahhovisi eziphakeme kakhulu, izakhiwo zezohwebo kanye nezakhiwo zomphakathi eziphakeme kakhulu.

Isakhiwo se-Steel truss: kufaka phakathi igridi yesikhala kanye negobolondo eline-latticed, elifanele izinhlelo zophahla ezinde.

Isakhiwo sekhebula le-membrane: okuhlanganisa ukwakheka okulengayo kanye nesakhiwo solwelwesi (oluqinile, olunefreyimu, olusekelwa umoya), ikakhulukazi olusetshenziselwa uphahla lwenkundla, imithunzi yelanga yemvelo, amahholo emibukiso, ama-canopies eziteshi ezikhokhelwayo kanye nezakhiwo zokungcebeleka zangaphandle.

Isakhiwo segobolondo lensimbi: Isakhiwo sensimbi esigobile sodonga oluncane olugobile, olusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinkulu, eziqongweni zamathangi, amadome amakhulu ezindawo zokugcina impahla kanye nophahla lwesikhumulo sezindiza.

Ihlukaniswa ngesicelo sobunjiniyela, izakhiwo zensimbi zihlukaniswe ngesakhiwo sensimbi yesakhiwo sezimboni, isakhiwo sensimbi yohlaka olulula lwengosi, isakhiwo sensimbi esinezinga eliphezulu, isakhiwo sensimbi esakhiwe ngaphambili, isakhiwo sensimbi yesikhathi eside kanye nesakhiwo sensimbi yebhuloho.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zensimbi kusiza ukuklama nokwakhiwa, futhi kusiza ukukhetha izinto ezifanele, ukucaciswa nezindlela zokuxhuma ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokwakha kanye nemithwalo.