I-Braced Steel Frame System: Kungani Izakhiwo Eziphakeme Zimi Ziqinile?

Iqhutshwa ukushoda kwezinsiza zomhlaba zesimanje kanye nezingcindezi ezivela ekwandeni kwesibalo sabantu, ukwakhiwa okuqondile sekuphenduke inkambiso engenakugwenywa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zesimanje. Amabhilidi anamuhla andiza phezulu esibhakabhakeni futhi ame umbhoshongo. Yini ezigcina zizinzile uma ziqhathaniswa nomfutho womoya onamandla ku-troposphere futhi zikwazi ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba ngokuphepha? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, ake sihlolisise i-braceduhlelo lohlaka lwensimbi.

Izakhiwo zozimele ezihlanzekile zendabuko zifaka izakhiwo zaphansi eziguquguqukayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendawo ephezulu. Kodwa-ke, uma ubude besakhiwo budlula umkhawulo othile, ukushiyeka kwabo kokunganele kwesakhiwo se-lateral kuzovela. Kunezixazululo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokubhekana nale nkinga: ukukhulisa izingxenye eziphambanayo zemishayo namakholomu, noma ukufaka amasistimu okuqinisa. Owokuqala uzoholela ekukhuphukeni okubukhali kokusetshenziswa kwensimbi, kanti lokhu okugcina kuqhosha ngokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Ngakho-ke, amasistimu wefreyimu yensimbi ene-braced ayisinqumo esifanele sezakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu.

Umqondo oyisisekelo wesistimu yohlaka lwensimbi eqinile ilele ekuhleleni okunengqondo kwamalungu okubopha ukuze akhe indlela ehlanganyelwayo yokuthwala umthwalo: uhlaka lwensimbi luthwala imithwalo eqondile kuyilapho izisekelo zimelana namandla avundlile. Isakhiwo samahhovisi e-Xiamen samukela uhlelo lwesakhiwo se-brace concentric brace. Izikaki ezivimbela ibhande ezithwala imithwalo (ama-BRB) zifakwe phansi kwesakhiwo, ezisebenzisa ngokugcwele izinzuzo ze-ductility zezakhiwo zensimbi futhi zithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kokuzamazama komhlaba kwesakhiwo.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-braced bracedizinhlelo zohlaka lwensimbi. I-Concentrically Braced Frame (CBF) iwukucushwa kwebracing yakudala kakhulu, isici sayo esiyinhloko siwukuthi izimbazo ezimaphakathi zamalungu okuhlanganisa zihlangana phakathi nendawo yamajoyinti ekholomu. Inokuqina okuphezulu futhi ingalawula ngempumelelo ukugudluka okuvundlile. Umehluko we-Eccentrically Braced Frame (EBF) kusukela ku-CBF usekususeni kwezimbazo zayo zokuhlanganisa, okuyenza ikwazi ukuhlanganisa ukuqina okuphezulu kwezikaki ezigxilile kanye nokufaneleka kwe-ductility yamafreyimu amsulwa. Amafreyimu ama-braced achitha amandla ancike ekuchithekeni kwamandla nasezinsizeni zokumanzisa ukuze akhe isistimu efanelekile yokumelana ne-force.

Kubunjiniyela obusebenzayo, I-Buckling-Restrained Brace (BRB) iyisixazululo esikhona kanye nokwahluka okuthuthukisiwe kwamafreyimu anebraced concentrically braced. Iqeda inkinga yokwehluleka ukubopha izinsimbi zendabuko ezigxilile ngaphansi kokucindezelwa nokugotshwa. Yakhiwe ngepuleti lensimbi eliwumgogodla, ishubhu elivimbelayo langaphandle kanye nezinto zokugcwalisa ezingaboshiwe, ama-BRB akhiqiza ngaphansi komthwalo ngaphandle kokugoqa ukuze achithe amandla, afinyelela umthamo olinganayo wokuthwala okuqinile nokucindezelayo kanye nokusebenza okugcwele kwe-hysteretic.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-CBF ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa i-Diagonal Bracing, Chevron Bracing (Inverted V-Bracing), V-Bracing, X-Bracing (Cross Bracing) kanye ne-K-Bracing. I-EBF ngokuyinhloko iqukethe uhlobo lwe-D (uhlobo lwesango), uhlobo lwe-K, uhlobo lwe-V nohlobo lwe-Y-bracings.

Ifomu elikhethekile le-bracedizinhlelo zohlaka lwensimbiizokhethwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nokuphakama kwesakhiwo. Ngokuvamile, izisekelo ezigxilile zendabuko zifaka izindleko eziphansi kanye nokuqina okuphezulu, izikaki ze-eccentric zinikeza i-ductility evumayo namandla aqinile wokuqothula amandla, futhi izinsimbi ezivinjelwe ukubopha ziletha ukusebenza okuphakeme kokuzamazama komhlaba. Amasistimu ohlaka lwensimbi eqinile avumela izakhiwo eziphakeme neziphakeme kakhulu ukuthi zimelane nemimoya enamandla nokuzamazama komhlaba, futhi zihlinzeka ngezixazululo ezinokwethenjelwa zesakhiwo sokuthuthukiswa kwedolobha elima mpo. Njengoba ineminyaka engu-21 yesipiliyoni esibanzi, i-EHSS ingumkhiqizi ochwepheshe onguchwepheshe bokwenza nokufakwa kwezingxenye zesakhiwo sensimbi. Hlala ubukele ku-EHSS ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe lobuchwepheshe olumayelana nezakhiwo zensimbi.