Kungakanani Okwaziyo Ngalawa Amafomu Esakhiwo Sensimbi?

Njengoba sihlanganise amasistimu amane ajwayelekile ku-isakhiwo sensimbiimboni okokugcina, i-EHSS izoqhubeka nokukuyisa ukuthi uhlole izakhiwo zensimbi kulolu daba. Ezakhiweni zesimanje, ezinobunzima obukhulayo besakhiwo kanye nezidingo zokuthwala umthwalo, amafomu esakhiwo njengamagobolondo e-lattice, izintambo ezilengayo, izakhiwo zezintambo zensimbi namashubhu ensimbi agcwaliswe ukhonkolo asetshenziswe kabanzi. Izinhlobo zesakhiwo sensimbi ezethulwe kulolu daba zonke zivame ukusetshenziswa kubunjiniyela abanezinhlelo zobuchwepheshe ezivuthiwe kanye nezindinganiso ezihambisanayo ezisekelayo, ezibusa izinkambu ezihlukene.

Isakhiwo segobolondo esinalatisiwe, njengoba igama liphakamisa, isakhiwo segridi egobile sifana negobolondo leqanda. Isici sayo esiyinhloko sisemandleni okwenza umumo ogobile we-span enkulu njengama-dome nama-arches. Ngokuziqhenya ngokubukeka okuhle kanye namandla asebenzayo, isetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni zokuzivocavoca ezinkulu, izikhungo zemibukiso, amaplanethi nezindawo zokugcina izithombo zezitshalo.

Izakhiwo ezilengayo zithatha izintambo zensimbi ezinamandla aphezulu njengezingxenye eziyinhloko futhi zibone ububanzi obukhulu ngokusebenzisa indawo eqinile yezintambo. Afaka umthamo omkhulu wokunwebeka, isisindo somuntu esilula kanye nokusetshenziswa kwensimbi okuphansi, futhi asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi amabhuloho amisiwe, izinkundla ezinkulu, izikhumulo zezindiza kanye namanye amaphrojekthi.

Isakhiwo sekhebula-membrane siwuhlobo olujwayelekile futhi olusetshenziswa kabanzi phakathi kwazo zonke izakhiwo zolwelwesi, olwakhiwe ngezinto zolwelwesi kanye nezingxenye zensimbi noma izinhlaka zensimbi. Izindwangu ze-membrane zivame ukumbozwa nge-PTFE noma i-PVC. Ihambisana nesisindo esilula, amandla aphezulu kanye nokuguquguquka okukhulu ukwenza izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezigobile, ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ama-canopies, ukufakwa kwe-landscape, iziteshi ze-toll kanye nezindawo eziphephezelayo.

Isakhiwo esisekelwa izintambo sakhiwe ngamachords angaphezulu aqinile kanye namakhebuli ensimbi athambile aphansi axhunywe ama-struts, lapho ama-chords angaphezulu aqinile ngokuvamile ayimishayo yensimbi noma ama-trusses, ngakho-ke kungase futhi kuhunyushwe njengesakhiwo esakhiwe ngokuxhuma imishayo yensimbi noma ama-trusses anezintambo zensimbi ngokusebenzisa ama-struts. Isakhiwo sentambo ye-beam yindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu futhi ejwayelekile yalesi simiso sesakhiwo esinezinsimbi zensimbi eziqinile zewebhu njengezingxenye zalo ezingaphezulu. Ifaka ukuzilinganisa nomthamo omuhle kakhulu wokunweba, izakhiwo ezisekela izintambo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ophahleni olude kanye namatheminali esikhumulo sezindiza.

Isakhiwo seshubhu yensimbi egcwele ukhonkolo sibhekisela esakhiweni esinokhonkolo ogcwele ngaphakathi kwamashubhu ensimbi ukuze sithuthukise kakhulu umthamo wokuthwala kanye ne-ductility. Ifaka umthamo wokuthwala okuphezulu kanye ne-ductility evumayo, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu njengamalungu okucindezela kumakholomu okwakha aphakeme kakhulu, amabhuloho ama-arch kanye nezakhiwo ezinde.

Amafreyimu ephothali, amafreyimu ensimbi, izigxobo zensimbi kanye nezinhlaka zegridi okukhulunywe ngazo odabeni lwangaphambilini zizidla ngomthamo wemakethe omkhulu kakhulu kanye nezimo zesicelo ezisebenza emhlabeni wonke, ezisebenza njengezinketho eziphezulu zamafekthri amancane naphakathi, izakhiwo eziphakeme kanye nophahla oluvamile olubanzi. Ngokuphambene, amagobolondo ane-lattised, izakhiwo ezilengayo, izakhiwo zekhebula-membrane, izakhiwo zezintambo zensimbi kanye nezakhiwo zeshubhu zensimbi ezigcwaliswe ukhonkolo ezihlanganiswe kulolu shicilelo amasistimu angaphansi akhethekile aklanyelwe izimo ezibandakanya izikhala ezikhethekile, izakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu, izivalo ezilula nezimo zokucindezeleka eziyinhlanganisela, futhi zimelela nesakhiwo sensimbi ethandwayo.

Konkeizinhlelo zensimbi zesakhiwookufakwe kulezi zitolimende ezimbili kunezinzuzo ezihlukile futhi ziyahambisana, ngokuhlanganyela zakha i-spectrum yobuchwepheshe ephelele yobunjiniyela bamanje besakhiwo sensimbi. Ngokuqondile, isakhiwo sefreyimu yensimbi sibeka isisekelo sesakhiwo sensimbi ehlanganisiwe; amagobolondo anezintambo kanye namagridi esikhala kokubili awela esigabeni sezinhlaka zegridi yendawo njengamafomu ahambisanayo; ukumiswa, i-cable-membrane kanye nezakhiwo ezisekelwa yizintambo zingahlanganiswa nama-trusses namagridi ukuze zenze izinhlelo ezinde; izakhiwo zensimbi ezakhiwe ngokubanda ezinodonga oluqinile zisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokwakha insimbi engasindi; kanye nezakhiwo zamashubhu ensimbi agcwaliswe ukhonkolo zingokwensimbi-ukhonkolo oyinhlanganisela yokuthwala umthwalo.

Lapho kukhethwa izinhlobo zesakhiwo samaphrojekthi angokoqobo, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kuzokwenziwa ngokusekelwe emisebenzini yokwakha, izimo ze-span, izinkomba zomnotho kanye nezidingo zeshejuli yokwakha ukuze kunqunywe isisombululo esifanele. Hlala ubukeleEHSSiziteshi ezisemthethweni zezibuyekezo zobuchwepheshe zesakhiwo sensimbi. Ngeminyaka engu-21 yokuzinikela ekwakhiweni nasekufakweni kwesakhiwo sensimbi, siletha ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe okugcwele kwenqubo yamaphrojekthi akho ngamakhono aqinile ochwepheshe.