Amazinga Enqubo Yokwakha Yezakhiwo Zensimbi (Ozimele Bensimbi)

1. Isheke Lokuphakamisa Uzimele Wensimbi (Ukubalwa Kokuphakamisa)

Amalebula Esithombe Esikhishiwe:Ingxenye Ephakanyisiwe: Insimbi Yensimbi (H-Beam) | Isilingi Sokuphakamisa: Isilingi Sentambo Yentambo Emibili Yemilenze | Isikhundla Sokuphakanyiswa | Ikholomu Yozimele Wensimbi | Umphathi Wezokuphepha (Helmet A-001) | I-Crane: Iqembu le-XCMG

I. Umdwebo Wokuphakamisa

Ilungu:Insimbi Yensimbi H500×200×10×16, Ubude L = 12.0 m

Amaphuzu Okuphakamisa:Setha ku-L/4 kusukela ekugcineni ngakunye kwe-beam

I-Engeli ye-Sling:α ≈ 60°

II. Layisha Ukubala

1. Ukuzisinda Kwe-Beam:
G = ρ × V = 78.5 kN/m³ × 0.212 m³/m × 12.0 m = 199.9 kN

2. I-Dynamic Load Factor:Thatha i-1.1

3. Isisindo sezihlilingi:Kushaywe indiva (akunakwa)

4. Umthwalo Owuphakamisayo Uphelele:
P = G × 1.1 = 219.9 kN

5. I-Sling Tension (Umthwalo Obhalansisiwe):
T = P / (2 × cos α) = 219.9 / (2 × cos 60°) = 219.9 kN

III. I-Sling Safety Check

1. Uhlobo lwesihlilingi:φ20 intambo yensimbi yensimbi, umthwalo ophukayo Fb = 360 kN

2. Isici Sokuphepha (n):
n = Fb / T = 360 / 219.9 = 1.64 > 1.25

Ihlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile!

Hlola isiphetho:
Umsebenzi wokuphakamisa uphephile futhi uhlangabezana nezidingo zekhodi.

Amazinga Okubhekisela

• Ikhodi Yokwakhiwa Kwezakhiwo Zensimbi (GB 50755-2012)

• Ikhodi Yezobuchwepheshe Yokuphepha Kokuphakanyiswa Nokuphakamisa Ekwakhiweni (JGJ 276-2012)

Amanothi Okuphepha:

1. Hlola insimbi yensimbi, izintambo zezintambo, namathuluzi okuphakamisa ngaphambi kokuyiphakamisa ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi iphephile futhi ithembekile.

2. Yabela umuntu ozinikele ukuthi aqondise inqubo yokuphakamisa. Akukho muntu ongema ngaphansi kohlaka oluphakanyisiwe.

3. Yeka ukuphakamisa umsebenzi ngokushesha lapho isivinini somoya sifika ku-Level 6 noma ngaphezulu.

2. Ukufakwa Nokuhlolwa Kohlaka Lwensimbi - Ukufakwa Kwensimbi Yensimbi

Phakamisa insimbi yensimbi endaweni yayo ehleliwe, bese uhlola futhi ugunyaze amalunga okuxhumana ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ikhwalithi yokufaka ihlangabezana nezidingo zedizayini.

[Isetha Umaka Kukholomu: Ukuhlolwa Kokufakwa Kwensimbi Yensimbi | Igama Lephrojekthi: Iworkshop #1 | Usuku Lokuhlola | Umhloli]

3. Ukufakwa Nokuhlolwa Kohlaka Lwensimbi - Ukufakwa Kwe-Steel Roof Truss

1. Ukulingisa kwe-3D BIM:Lingisa ukufakwa kwe-truss yensimbi yophahla ukuze uthuthukise uhlelo lokuphakamisa kanye ne-oda yokufaka.

2. Ukuphakamisa Izigxobo Zophahla:Sebenzisa i-crane yeloli ukuze uphakamise i-truss futhi uyibeke kancane endaweni ngenkathi uyigcina ibhalansi.

3. Ukubeka kanye Nokulungisa Kwesikhashana:Ngemuva kokuthi i-roof truss isendaweni, ivikeleke okwesikhashana futhi ulungise indawo yayo nokuphakama (ukuphakama).

4. Uxhumo lwe-Bolt olunamandla amakhulu:Qinisa amabhawodi aphezulu ngokwemithetho yokuklama ukuze uqinisekise ukuxhumana okuqinile.

5. Ukuhlola Ukufakwa:Hlola ubude be-truss, ubude, ukugoba (ukuchezuka), nokuqondanisa okuqondile ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi kuhlangabezana nekhodi.

6. Irekhodi Lokuhlola:Ngemva kokudlulisa ukuhlolwa, gcwalisa ifomu lokurekhoda bese udlulela esinyathelweni esilandelayo sokwakha.

Irekhodi Lokuhlola Ukufakwa Kwe-Steel Roof Truss

Into Yokuhlola	Iphutha elivunyelwe (mm)	Inani Elikaliwe (mm)	Hlola Umphumela
I-Truss Span (L)	±10	—	√ (Dlula)
Truss Height (Elevation)	±5	—	√ (Dlula)
Ukugoqa i-Truss (Ukuchezuka)	L / 750	—	√ (Dlula)
Ukuqondanisa Okuqondile Kwe-truss	H / 1000	—	√ (Dlula)
Isikhundla Sokusekela	±5	—	√ (Dlula)
I-Torque ye-Bolt enamandla amakhulu	Ihlangabezana nezidingo zedizayini	—	√ (Dlula)

Amaphuzu Okulawula Abalulekile:

Hlola zonke izingxenye zensimbi ezingenayo esizeni ukuze uqinisekise uhlobo lwazo, usayizi, kanye nekhwalithi yokushisela;
Sebenzisa uhlelo lokuphakamisa oluphephile nolusebenzayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha kokuphakamisa;
Lungisa futhi ulungise i-truss ngemuva nje kokuthi ibekwe endaweni;
Qinisa wonke amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu futhi uhlole i-torque yawo ngokwekhodi;
Yenza ukuhlola okugcwele ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi isakhiwo esifakiwe sihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zedizayini nekhodi.

4. Ukufakwa Nokuhlolwa Kohlaka Lwensimbi - Ukufakwa Kwensimbi Ehlanganisiwe

Amalebula Esithombe Esikhishiwe:Okufakwe Phezulu Kwesokunxele: Ukubuka kwe-BIM kwe-3D | Okufakwe Phansi-kwesokunxele: Hlola Ukufakwa | Isithombe Esiyinhloko: I-Upper Connection Joint, Uthango Lwensimbi Olugxilisiwe (I-Diagonal Brace), I-Lower Connection Joint

Ukufakwa Nokuhlolwa Kohlaka Lwensimbi - Ukufakwa Kwensimbi Ehlanganisiwe

1. Hlola Ngaphambi Kokufaka:Hlola inombolo yengxenye, usayizi, izindawo zembobo yebhawodi, kanye nesiqondiso sepuleti lokuxhuma. Qiniseka ukuthi izindawo zokuthintwa ziyisicaba, zihlanzekile, futhi azinawo ama-burrs noma uwoyela.

2. Ukuphakamisa kanye nokuma:Sebenzisa amaphoyinti okuphakamisa amabili ukuze uphakamise i-beam etshekile kancane uyibeke endaweni. Yilungise okwesikhashana futhi uqiniseke ukuthi kokubili amalunga aphezulu naphansi ahambisana ngokunembile nekholomu yensimbi kanye nogongolo.

3. Ukuqondanisa Nokulungiswa:Lungisa indawo yomugqa omaphakathi, ubude, nokuqondanisa okuqondile kwe-beam ethambekele ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zedizayini. Qedela ukuxhumana okuhlala njalo ngemuva kokuqondanisa.

4. Indlela Yokuxhuma:Xhuma ngamabhawodi anamandla aphezulu. Waqinise ngokulinganayo ukusuka maphakathi kuya ngaphandle kuya ezinhlangothini zombili njengoba kudingwa idizayini, bese umaka ibhawodi ngalinye ngemva kokuhlolwa kokudlula kokuqinisa kokugcina.

5. Ukuhlola Ukufakwa:Hlola ukuma komugqa omaphakathi, ubude, ukuqondanisa okuqondile, ukuqina kokuxhumana kwepuleti, kanye nekhwalithi yokuqinisa ibhawodi. Yonke into kufanele ihlangabezane Nekhodi Yokwamukela Ikhwalithi Yokwakhiwa Kwezakhiwo Zensimbi (GB 50205).

5. Ukufakwa Nokuhlolwa Kohlaka Lwensimbi - Ukufakwa Kwekholomu Yensimbi

1. Ukuhlola Isisekelo:Hlola ukuthi ukuma kwebhawodi lehange, ubude besisekelo, nobukhulu besisekelo kuyahlangabezana yini nezidingo zedizayini.

2. Ukuhlola Ukuqondanisa Kuqondile:Sebenzisa isiteshi esiphelele, i-laser plumb, noma ileveli yokuqondisa ukuze uhlole ukuthi ikholomu yensimbi iqonde kangakanani (ime mpo).

3. Ukuhlola Ikhwalithi Yoxhumo:Hlola ukuthi ingabe amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu, amashisela, namapuleti okuxhumana ayahlangabezana yini nezidingo ezijwayelekile.

Inqubo yokwakha:1. Umsebenzi Wokulungiselela → 2. Lift & Beka Ikholomu Yensimbi → 3. Faka Futhi Uvikele → 4. Ukuhlola Nokwamukelwa

6. Ukufakwa Kozimele Wensimbi — Ukufakwa Kwesakhiwo Se-Truss (Umdwebo we-3D BIM)

Ukugeleza Kwenqubo Yokufaka:Inhlolovo Nokumaka → Hlola Ukusekela → Phakamisa & Indawo → Ukulungiswa Kwesikhashana → Ukuqondanisa Nokulungiswa → Ukuxhuma Ibholithi Enamandla Aphakeme → Ukushisela (uma kudingekile)

Amaphuzu Okufaka Abalulekile:

Ngaphambi kokuphakamisa, hlola kabili i-centerline yokusekela, ukuphakama, kanye nezikhundla zezingxenye ezishunyekiwe;
Namathisela izintambo zokuqondisa umoya (imigqa yethegi) ngesikhathi uphakamisa ukugcina i-truss izinzile;
Lungisa futhi uvikele okwesikhashana i-truss ngemva nje kokuyibeka ukuze uvimbele ukugoba noma ukuhlanekezela;
Izixhumanisi zamabhawodi anamandla amakhulu kumele zilandele imithetho yokuklama kanye nekhodi futhi ziqiniswe ku-torque edingekayo;
Ikhwalithi yokushisela kufanele ihlangabezane nemithetho ekuKhodi Yokwamukela Ikhwalithi Yokwakhiwa Kwezakhiwo Zensimbi (GB 50205).

Amaphuzu Abalulekile Okuhlola (Izithombe Zesayithi):

1. Ukusekela & Ukuhlola Okuhlangene

Hlola izindawo nobude bamabhawodi okusekela, amapuleti kashimu, nezingxenye ezishumekiwe ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi zihlangabezana nezidingo zedizayini.

2. I-Truss Alignment Check

Sebenzisa isiteshi esiphelele ukukala umugqa omaphakathi, ubude, nokugoba kwe-truss, futhi wenze izinguquko zokuqondanisa.

3. Ukuhlola Ibholithi Enamandla Aphezulu

Hlola inombolo, usayizi, kanye ne-torque yamabhawodi anamandla amakhulu, uphinde uwahlole njengoba kudingwa ikhodi.

Qaphela:Isakhiwo se-truss kule phrojekthi sihlanganiswe kuqala efektri futhi siphakanyiswe ngezigaba esizeni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufakwa okunembile, ikhwalithi, nokuphepha.

7. Uhlaka Lwensimbi & Ukufakwa Nokuhlolwa Kweshidi Le-Metal Roof elinephrofayela

Ukufakwa Nokuhlolwa Kohlaka Lwensimbi

(Amalebula: Ukuphakamisa Uthango, Ukuma, Amabhawodi Amandla Aphezulu, Ukuhlola Ukuqina Nobude, Ukuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi Okuhlangene)

1. Ukuhlola Ingxenye Engenayo:Hlola ikhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo, usayizi, isimo esingaphezulu, nobuqotho. Faka kuphela ngemva kokudlula ukuhlolwa.

2. Ukulawulwa Kwenqubo:Lawula ukuma kwengxenye, ubude, ukuqondanisa okuqondile, nokuqiniswa kwebhawodi phakathi nokufakwa.

3. Izinto Zokuhlola:Indawo yomugqa omaphakathi, ubude, ukuqondanisa okuqondile, ukucaba kwendawo, kanye nekhwalithi yokuxhuma ibhawudi.

4. Izinga Lekhwalithi:Kufanele ihlangabezane Nekhodi Yokwamukela Ikhwalithi Yokwakha Yezakhiwo Zensimbi (GB 50205-2020).

Ukufakwa Nokuhlolwa Kweshidi Le-Metal Roof elinephrofayela

(Amalebula: Ishidi Le-Metal Roof, I-Lap Joint, Ukulungisa Isikulufu Okuzithibayo, Ukunquma Okukhanyayo)

1. Ukuhlola Okubalulekile:Hlola iphrofayili yephaneli, ukujiya, ukunamathela, nombala. Sebenzisa kuphela ngemva kokudlula ukuhlolwa.

2. Imithetho yokufaka:Gqoka amaphaneli ngendlela efanele futhi uwalungise aqine. Gcina isikhala ngezikulufu ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo evamile, ngaphandle kwezikulufu ezingekho noma ezidukile.

3. Izinto Zokuhlola:Ukucaba kophahla, ububanzi bokugqagqana, izikhala zamaphoyinti okuqinisa, kanye nemininingwane yokuvikela amanzi.

4. Izinga Lekhwalithi:Kufanele ihlangabezane neKhodi Yezobuchwepheshe Yezobunjiniyela Bophahla Lwensimbi (GB 50345-2012).

8. Ukufakwa Nokuhlolwa Kohlaka Lwensimbi - Izitebhisi Zensimbi Nokufakwa Kwesandla

1. Izitezi Zensimbi Eziqediwe Nezandla (Isithombe Sesayithi)

2. Imodeli ye-BIM ye-3D (Izitezi Zensimbi Nezandla)

3. Ukufakwa kwezitebhisi zensimbi (Umsebenzi Wesayithi)

4. Ukufakwa Kwesandla (Umsebenzi Wesayithi)

5. Ukuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi Yokufaka (Ukuhlola Isizinda)

Imiyalelo:

Ngaphambi kokufaka izitebhisi zensimbi nama-handrails, hlola kabili ubukhulu bengxenye, ubude, nemigqa emaphakathi yesakhiwo;
Uma usebenzisa ukuxhumana okuboshiwe, hlola usayizi webhawodi, ubuningi, kanye netorque ukuze uqinisekise ukuxhumana okuqinile;
Ama-handrails afakiwe kufanele aqine futhi aqonde, abe nama-weld agcwele futhi abushelelezi ahlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama nekhodi;
Yenza ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ngemuva kokufakwa futhi ugcwalise irekhodi lokuhlola ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi yephrojekthi.

Isakhiwo sensimbiesasetshenziswa kabanzi emakethe yezokwakha yanamuhla ukwakha amafreyimu wokwakha, futhi azoba yisinqumo esiyinhloko sezakhiwo zokwakha eziyinhloko esikhathini esizayo. Izakhiwo zensimbi zinezigaba ezincane eziningi, izinhlobo zesakhiwo, nezinhlobo zezingxenye. Ngokusekelwe ohlelweni lwesakhiwo, zihlukaniswe zaba izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko: ozimele bephothali, amagridi esikhala, ama-trusses, nezakhiwo zozimele.