Izindlela Zokufaka Zezakhiwo Zensimbi

Ngezinzuzo ezivelele njengamandla aphezulu, isisindo somzimba esilula, izinga eliphezulu lezezimboni kanye nesikhathi sokwakha esifushane,izakhiwo zensimbiseziphenduke uhlobo oluyisisekelo lwezitshalo zezimboni zesimanje, izakhiwo zomphakathi ezinkulu kanye nezakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu. Ukufakwa nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zensimbi kusebenza njengesixhumanisi esiyinhloko sokuxhuma imidwebo yokuklama nezakhiwo ezibonakalayo, futhi ubuchwepheshe babo bokwakha nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuthinta ngokuqondile ukuphepha nokuqina kwezakhiwo. Kusukela ekulungiseleleni ukwakhiwa, leli phepha lihlunga ngokuhlelekile amaphuzu ezobuchwepheshe ayisisekelo okufakwa kwezakhiwo zensimbi ezihlukahlukene okuhlanganisa nesitezi esisodwa, izakhiwo zensimbi ezinezitezi eziningi neziphakeme kakhulu kanye nezakhiwo zegridi yensimbi, ukuze kuhlinzekwe izinkomba zenhlangano yokwakha endaweni kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi.

Ukulungiselela Ukwakhiwa

Okokuqala nje, kuzokwakhiwa uhlelo lobuchwepheshe lokufaka. Ukufakwa kwe-piece-by-piece kwamukelwa izakhiwo zensimbi ezinesitezi esisodwa, kuyilapho ukufakwa okuphelele kusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zophahla kanye nezakhiwo zensimbi ezinezitezi eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini yokuphakamisa, imishini yokwakha, izingxenye zensimbi, izinto zokushisela kanye nezinsimbi kufanele zifakwe ngokugcwele. Ukuphakama kwezisekelo zekholomu, izimbazo namabhawodi okusetshenzwa kulengwa kuzobhekwa kabusha, izingxenye zensimbi zizohlanzwa, futhi kumakwe imigqa yokumiswa.

Ukufakwa Kwezakhiwo Zensimbi ezinesitezi esisodwa

Amakholomu ensimbi aphakanyiswa yi-single-point lashing ngqo. Ngemva kokuqondanisa namabhawodi okusetshenzwa kulengwa kuwo ukuze kulungiswe isikhashana, indawo yawo kanye nokuma kwawo kuyolinganiswa. Ukuqiniswa kokugcina kwamabhawodi kanye nokushiselwa kwamapuleti ayisisekelo kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwezisekelo zamakholomu. Imishayo ye-crane iphakanyiswa ngamaphoyinti amabili futhi ifakwe imigqa yomaka ukuvimbela ukushayisana; ukuphakama kwazo, i-eksisi kanye nokuma kwazo kuzolungiswa ngemva kokumiswa. Izinsimbi zophahla kufanele ziphakanyiswe kuphela ngemva kokuba izinsika zensimbi zizinzile. Izingxenye zophahla zingahlanganiswa ngaphambili zibe izingxenye eziqinile eziqinile ukuze ziphakame, futhi ama-purlins azofakwa ngemva kokubekwa kwama-trusses ophahleni.

Ukufakwa Kwezakhiwo Ezinezitezi Eziningi kanye Nezakhiwo Zensimbi Eziphakeme

Imvume yokushisela i-welding shrinkage deformation izogcinelwa izingxenye zezakhiwo zensimbi ezinezitezi eziningi kanye neziphakeme kakhulu. Izimbazo zidluliswa emigqeni yokulawula phansi ukuze kuphakanyiswe futhi kulinganiswe amakholomu ensimbi. Ngaphambi kokuphakamisa imishayo yensimbi, amapharamitha amakholomu amakholomu azohlolwa futhi kuhlelwe izindawo zokuvikela ukuphepha. Ngemuva kokumiswa, imigqa yokuphakama kanye nemaphakathi izolinganiswa ngokuphindaphindiwe, kulandelwa ukwakhiwa kokuxhuma kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezingxenye.

Ukufakwa kwe-Steel Space Truss

I-space truss iyisakhiwo sophahla esinesikhathi eside esisetshenziswa kabanzi esinamalungu aminyene, okuletha ubunzima bokwakha obuphakeme kunezakhiwo eziplani. Ngokuyinhloko yamukela izinhlobo ezintathu zamalunga, futhi izimo ezihlukahlukene zepulani zingahlanganiswa ngokuhlanganisa amayunithi amaningi ayisisekelo. Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokwakha ama-trusses emkhathini: ukuhlangana kwendawo ephakeme kakhulu akudingi okokusebenza okukhulu kokuphakamisa kodwa kudla inqwaba yezinto ezisekelayo futhi kuhilela imisebenzi ebanzi yokuphakama okuphezulu; ukufakwa okuhlangene akudingi ukusekelwa, kufaka phakathi umsebenzi osezingeni eliphansi kanye nekhwalithi yokushisela ezinzile, nokho kubeka izidingo eziphakeme kumishini yokufukula kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwakha; ukushelela kokuphakama okuphezulu kugwema izisekelo zokuhlanganisa eziphelele ezinomthwalo omaphakathi wokuphakama okuphezulu kanye nemithwalo yokuphakamisa ehlakazekile, kuyilapho amathrekhi okuslayida akhethekile azobekwa kusengaphambili futhi ukunemba kokuvumelanisa kokuslayida kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile.

Isakhiwo sensimbiukufakwa kuwumsebenzi ohlelekile odinga ukudidiyelwa kwezinqubo eziningi zokusebenza nokuhwebelana. Izinga nokusebenza kahle kwayo kuncike ekudidiyeleni okudidiyelwe kokulungiselela kokuqala, izinhlelo zokuphakamisa, ukulungisa okusetshenzwayo kanye nokuphathwa kokuphepha. Ezakhiweni ezinesitezi esisodwa, kuzobekwa kuqala ukulandelana kokuphakanyiswa kwengxenye kanye nokuzinza ngesikhathi sokumiswa. Emabhilidini anezitezi eziningi neziphakeme kakhulu, kuzosetshenziswa ukulawula okuqinile phezu kokuwohloka kwe-welding shrinkage kanye nokunemba kokudlulisela okuqondile. Ngokuqondene nezakhiwo ze-truss yesikhala esinesikhathi eside, izindlela zokwakha ezihlanganisa ukuhlangana kokuphakama okuphezulu, ukuphakamisa okubalulekile kanye nokushelela kuzokhethwa ngokuya ngezimo zendawo zendawo, futhi ukuhwebelana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kokusekelwa, umthwalo wokusebenza osezingeni eliphezulu namandla wemishini kuzobhekwana nayo ngendlela efanele.

Ekwakhiweni kwangempela, kuphela ngokuqonda ngokugcwele inhloso yokuklama, ukuthobela ngokuqinile amakhodi nezindinganiso, ukuqinisa ukuqapha inhlolovo, kanye nokwamukela kalula amasu okwakha afanele ahambisana nezici zesakhiwo samaphrojekthi ahlukene lapho kungaqinisekiswa khona ukuphothulwa okuphephile, okuphumelelayo nokunembayo kokufakwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi, ukubeka isisekelo esiqinile sokulethwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwayo yonke iphrojekthi yokwakha.

Ngineminyaka engama-21 yesipiliyoni esijulile embonini yesakhiwo sensimbi,EHSSyenza amaphrojekthi amaningi esakhiwo sensimbi ahlanganisa ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kwezingxenye zensimbi. Kusukela kwethulwa i-Belt and Road Initiative, sesithumele inqwaba yezakhi zensimbi ezinkulu futhi saletha amaphrojekthi okufakwa phesheya kwezilwandle. Ngokuziqhayisa ngobuchwepheshe obuningi bokufaka, siyakwazi ngokugcwele ukubhekana nezinselelo zokufakwa kwezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi, kusukela kumashabhu wezimboni anesitezi esisodwa kanye nezakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu kuya kuma-trusses avamile kanye namagridi omkhathi amakhulu. Amakhono ethu ochwepheshe aqinile avikela ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kwawo wonke amaphrojekthi esakhiwo sensimbi.